CrizotinibはALK-Positive肺癌に効くのか？：NEJM

CrizotinibはALK-Positive肺癌に効くのか？　　 

対象症例はペメトレキセド（pemetrexed：アリムタ）かdocetaxel投与群である。　　
PFSは伸ばすが（３ヶ月→7.7ヶ月）OSは変わらないというのが結果だ。

June 1, 2013
NELM

Original Article

Crizotinib versus Chemotherapy in Advanced ALK-Positive Lung CancerAlice 

T. Shaw, M.D., Ph.D., Dong-Wan Kim, M.D., Ph.D., Kazuhiko Nakagawa, M.D., Ph.D., Takashi Seto, M.D., Lucio Crinó, M.D., Myung-Ju Ahn, M.D., Tommaso De Pas, M.D., Benjamin Besse, M.D., Ph.D., Benjamin J. Solomon, M.B., B.S., Ph.D., Fiona Blackhall, M.D., Ph.D., Yi-Long Wu, M.D., Michael Thomas, M.D., Kenneth J. O'Byrne, M.D., Denis Moro-Sibilot, M.D., D. Ross Camidge, M.D., Ph.D., Tony Mok, M.D., Vera Hirsh, M.D., Gregory J. Riely, M.D., Ph.D., Shrividya Iyer, Ph.D., Vanessa Tassell, B.S., Anna Polli, B.S., Keith D. Wilner, Ph.D., and Pasi A. Jänne, M.D., Ph.D.（近畿大学と九州がんセンターの先生が参加しているのが素晴らしい）

Background

In single-group studies, chromosomal rearrangements of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (ALK) have been associated with marked clinical responses to crizotinib, an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting ALK. Whether crizotinib is superior to standard chemotherapy with respect to efficacy is unknown.

Methods

We conducted a phase 3, open-label trial comparing crizotinib with chemotherapy in 347 patients with locally advanced or metastatic ALK-positive lung cancer who had received one prior platinum-based regimen. Patients were randomly assigned to receive oral treatment with crizotinib (250 mg) twice daily or intravenous chemotherapy with either pemetrexed (500 mg per square meter of body-surface area) or docetaxel (75 mg per square meter) every 3 weeks. Patients in the chemotherapy group who had disease progression were permitted to cross over to crizotinib as part of a separate study. The primary end point was progression-free survival.

Background

In single-group studies, chromosomal rearrangements of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (ALK) have been associated with marked clinical responses to crizotinib, an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting ALK. Whether crizotinib is superior to standard chemotherapy with respect to efficacy is unknown.

Methods

We conducted a phase 3, open-label trial comparing crizotinib with chemotherapy in 347 patients with locally advanced or metastatic ALK-positive lung cancer who had received one prior platinum-based regimen. Patients were randomly assigned to receive oral treatment with crizotinib (250 mg) twice daily or intravenous chemotherapy with either pemetrexed (500 mg per square meter of body-surface area) or docetaxel (75 mg per square meter) every 3 weeks. Patients in the chemotherapy group who had disease progression were permitted to cross over to crizotinib as part of a separate study. The primary end point was progression-free survival.

Results

The median progression-free survival was 7.7 months in the crizotinib group and 3.0 months in the chemotherapy group (hazard ratio for progression or death with crizotinib, 0.49　; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37 to 0.64; P<　0.001　）
The response rates were 65% (95% CI, 58 to 72) with crizotinib, as compared with 20% (95% CI, 14 to 26) with chemotherapy (P　<　0.001　）

An interim analysis of overall survival showed no significant improvement with crizotinib as compared with chemotherapy (hazard ratio for death in the crizotinib group, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.68 to 1.54; P=0.54).  


Common adverse events associated with crizotinib were visual disorder, gastrointestinal side effects, and elevated liver aminotransferase levels, whereas common adverse events with chemotherapy were fatigue, alopecia, and dyspnea. Patients reported greater reductions in symptoms of lung cancer and greater improvement in global quality of life with crizotinib than with chemotherapy.

Conclusions

Crizotinib is superior to standard chemotherapy in patients with previously treated, advanced non–small-cell lung cancer with ALK rearrangement. (Funded by Pfizer; ClinicalTrials.gov number,